"संस्कृत की सूक्तियाँ": अवतरणों में अंतर
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पंक्ति १,७२९:
==११५ सुभाषितानि (आंग्ल-अर्थ सहितम्)==
<br><br>*1. '''अतिपरिचयादवज्ञा (= अतिपरिचयात् अवज्ञा)''' = Familiarity breads
contempt. Beginning of a सुभाषितम् "अतिपरिचयादवज्ञा संततगमनादनादरो भवति ।
मलये भिल्लपुरंध्री चन्दनतरुकाष्ठमिंधनं कुरुते ॥" meaning, "Familiarity
breads contempt and frequenting brings disrespect. (For example) a tribal
woman in Malay mountains would burn sandalwood as firewood."
<br><br>*2. '''अतिलोभो विनाशाय''' = Greed will kill (is poison)
<br><br>*3. '''अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्''' = Excess of anything should be avoided (is bad)
<br><br>*4. '''अति तृष्णा न कर्तव्या''' = Too much hankering is bad
<br><br>*5. '''अधिकस्य अधिकं फलम्''' = More the merrier
<br><br>*6. '''अनतिक्रमणीया हि नीतिः''' = Codes should not be transcended
<br><br>*7. '''अल्पश्च कालो बहवश्च विघ्नाः''' = Time is short and obstacles are many.
<br><br>*8. '''अव्यापारेषु व्यापारः''' = Trading in non-tradeables. In श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता "श्रेयान् स्वधर्मो विगुणः परधर्मो भयावहः ।" This is only line which is repeated ditto in the whole of श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता first at 3-35 and also at 18-47. It is that important. It means, "It is advisable to be with one's own inherent character, howsoever unimpressive. (Thinking of adopting) character of others is frightful."
<br><br>*9. '''अहिंसा परमो धर्मः''' = Non-violence is the supreme code of conduct
<br><br>*10. '''अलभ्यो लाभः''' = Unattainable gain, A windfall. For example, being
able to meet a dignitary, whom you would have never dreamt of being able to
meet, becomes an unattainable gain, a windfall.
<br><br>*11. '''अभद्रं भद्रं वा विधिलिखितमुन्मूलयति कः (विधिलिखितमुन्मूलयति
=विधिलिखितम् उन्मूलयति)''' = Good or bad, can anyone avoid or evade the
destiny? In Hindi, होनी को कौन टाल सकता है ?
<br><br>*12. '''अर्थो हि लोके पुरुषस्य बन्धुः''' = Money only is the true friend.
<br><br>*13. '''आकृतिर्बकस्य दृष्टिस्तु काकस्य''' = Personality of a crane, but looks
of (hovering eyesight like that of) a crow
<br><br>*14. '''आये दुःखं व्यये दुःखं धिगर्थाः (=धिक् अर्थाः) कष्टसंश्रयाः''' = Hate
the Moneys which prove troublesome whether by income or outgo
<br><br>*15. '''इक्षुः मधुरोऽपि समूलं न भक्ष्यः''' = Sugarcane, even if it is sweet is
not to be eaten along with its roots.
<br><br>*16. '''इतः कूपः ततस्तटी''' = This side a dug well and that side a trench
<br><br>*17. '''इतो भ्रष्टः ततो भ्रष्टः''' = Unethical here, unethical there
<br><br>*18. '''ईश्वरेच्छा बलीयसी''' = God's will prevails
<br><br>*19. '''उत्पद्यन्ते विलीयन्ते दरिद्राणां मनोरथाः''' = Dreams of the poor crop
up and vanish
<br><br>*20. '''उत्सवप्रियाः खलु मनुषाः''' = People are given to festivities
<br><br>*21. '''कण्टकेनैव कण्टकमुद्धरेत् (= कण्टकेन एव कण्टकं उद्धरेत्)''' = Use a
thorn to remove a thorn
<br><br>*22. '''कर्तव्यो महदाश्रयः''' = Keep company of the noble. In मेघदूतम् कालिदास
says, "याञ्चा मोघा वरमधिगुणे नाधमे लब्धकामा" It means, "Better to seek
prayers of the better ones, even if they may not fructify, than to seek from
the mean ones, even if they may have better chance of getting fulfilled."
<br><br>*23. '''कवयः किं न पश्यन्ति''' = Is there anything that is beyond the
imagination of poets?
<br><br>*24. '''काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम्''' = Intelligent people engage
themselves in poetry, sciences, entertainment. An interesting quote in
similar vein is, "The knowledgeable ones discuss thoughts, commoners discuss
events, the unintelligent discuss people."
<br><br>*25. '''कालाय तस्मै नमः''' = Time and tide wait for none. In similar vein, न
कालेन समौषधम् meaning, "Time is the best healer."
<br><br>*26. '''किमिव हि मधुराणां मण्डनं नाकृतीनाम् (नाकृतीनाम् = न + आकृतीनाम् or
= न + अकृतीनाम्) = ?
<br><br>*27. '''किमिव हि दुष्करमकरुणानाम् (= दुष्करं अकरुणानाम्)''' = What is
impossible for the heartless?
<br><br>*28. '''किमिष्टमन्नं खरसूकराणाम्''' = What of sweets to donkeys and pigs? In
Marathi, गाढवाला गुळाची चव काय ? means, "What taste donkeys have for jaggery
?"
<br><br>*29. '''क्षमया किं न सिद्ध्यति''' = What can not be achieved by pardon ? or
What cannot be achieved by saying "sorry" ?
<br><br>*30. '''क्लेशः फलेन हि पुनर्नवतां विधत्ते''' = If one trouble succeeds in
troubling, it keeps coming back in newer forms. In similar vein,
छिद्रेष्वनर्था बहुली भवन्ति means, "Once there is a hole, drains increase."
<br><br>*31. '''गतं न शोच्यम्''' = Let bygone be bygone.
<br><br>*32. '''गतानुगतिको लोको न कश्चित् पारमार्थिकः''' = People conduct rooted in
conventions. Rarely there is anyone, who seeks the supreme meaning.
<br><br>*33. '''गहना कर्मणो गतिः''' = This is last part in a shloka in
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः । अकर्मणश्च
बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः ॥४-१७॥ meaning, "It becomes a matter of very deep thinking to understand what Karma is. It is to be understood by Karma, as it presents itself , also by its anti-theses and also by its non-being."
<br><br>*34. '''गुणाः सर्वत्र पूज्यन्ते''' = Virtues are respected everywhere.
<br><br>*35. '''चक्रवत्परिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च''' = Sorrows and happiness keep
coming and going in cyclic order as a turning wheel. This quotation is, I
think, from "svapnavaasavadattam" by dramatist Bhaasa. The quotation at #57
has almost identical meaning and is from मेघदूतम् by कालिदास
<br><br>*36. '''जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी''' = Mother and motherland are more
respectable than even heaven. (Source ?)
<br><br>*37. '''जलबिन्दुनिपातेन क्रमशः पूर्यते घटः''' = Drops fill up a pitcher. In
Hindi it is exactly translated as बूँद बूँद से घडा भरता है In Marathi थेंबे
थेंबे तळे साचे means, "drop by drop it becomes a lake"
<br><br>*38. '''जीवो जीवस्य जीवनम्''' = Lives survive, one on another. Another version
of this is जीवो जीवस्य भोजनम् means "one life is food of another."
<br><br>*39. '''त्रुटितः सम्बन्धः प्रशान्तः कलहः''' = Relationship severed, quarrel
pacified. In Marathi, "एक घाव, दोन तुकडे" means "One stroke, two pieces!!"
<br><br>*40. '''त्रैलोक्ये दीपकः धर्मः''' = Dharma i.e. righteous conduct is the
guiding light, beacon, in all three worlds (here, in nether world and in
heaven)
<br><br>*41. '''दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम्''' = Difficult i.e. not in
everyone's luck to be borne in India. It is further difficult to born as a
human being.
<br><br>*42. '''दूरतः पर्वताः रम्याः''' = Mountains are beautiful from a distance. In
Marathi, this is exactly translated as दुरून डोंगर साजरे
<br><br>*43. '''द्रव्येण सर्वे वशाः''' = All can be commanded by wealth
<br><br>*44. '''धर्मो मित्रं मृतस्य''' = Religion is a friend of the dead (?)
<br><br>*45. '''धीराः हि तरन्त्यापदम् (तरन्त्यापदम् = तरन्ति आपदम्)''' = The bold
conquer obstacles
<br><br>*46. '''नास्ति सत्यसमो धर्मः''' = There is no religion equal to the Truth
<br><br>*47. '''न कूपखननं युक्तं प्रदीप्ते वन्हिना गृहे''' = It is no use digging a
well when the house is on fire
<br><br>*48. '''न भूतो न भविष्यति''' = Hasn't been, shall not be. The phrase is used
to describe an unparalleled event or person. For example, a Mahatma like
Gandhi has not been, shall not be.
<br><br>*49. '''न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते''' = There is nothing as
sacrosanct as (true) knowledge. This is first line in a shloka in
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता where the second line is तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि
विन्दति ||४-३८||
<br><br>*50. '''न शान्तेः परमं सुखम्''' = There is no happiness more sublime than
peace
<br><br>*51. '''निगूढेऽपि कुक्कुटे उदेत्येव अरुणः''' = Hiding the hen cannot stop the
sun from rising
<br><br>*52. '''निर्वाणदीपे किमु तैलदानम्''' = What use is putting oil in a lamp,
where the flame is put out ? Locking the stable after the horse is stolen.
<br><br>*53. '''निरस्तपादपे देशे एरण्डोऽपि द्रुमायते''' = In a plant-less desert, even
a shrub of castor looks like a (banyan) tree.
<br><br>*54. '''निःस्पृहस्य तृणं जगत्''' = To a person, who has transcended all
desires, the whole world is but a blade of grass.
<br><br>*55. '''न निश्चितार्थात् विरमन्ति धीराः''' = The determined never halt until
they achieve their goals
<br><br>*56. '''निर्धनस्य कुतः सुखम् =Can a poor be happy ?
<br><br>*57. '''नीचैर्गच्छत्युपरि च दशा चक्रनेमिक्रमेण''' = Our conditions go
cyclically up and down like the spokes of a wheel. See #35 also.
<br><br>*58. '''परदुःखं शीतलम्''' = Other's sorrow is cool (is no sorrow).
<br><br>*59. '''परोपकारार्थमिदं शरीरम्''' = This body is for service unto others
<br><br>*60. '''परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्''' = Sporting wisdom in advising others
<br><br>*61. '''परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः''' = Lives of the noble are for gracing others
<br><br>*62. '''पुनः पुनरपि प्रक्षाल्य कज्जलं न श्वेतायते''' = You may wash coal again
and again, but it will never become white.
<br><br>*63. '''पिण्डे पिण्डे मतिर्भिन्ना''' = Many people, many minds. Literally,
every brain has a different mind. This line is actually the beginning of a
सुभाषितम्. The other lines are कुण्डे कुण्डे नवं पयः । जातौ जातौ नवाचारा नवा
वाणी मुखे मुखे ॥ meaning "every pond has different water, every community
has its own rituals, every mouth has different speech."
<br><br>*64. '''प्रज्ज्वालितो ज्ञानमयः प्रदीपः''' = Lamp of knowledge is lit
<br><br>*65. '''प्रथमग्रासे मक्षिकापातः''' = Find a fly in the first sip.
<br><br>*66. '''पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम्''' = There are only three
true jewels - water, food and good sayings. This line is actually the first
line of a सुभाषितम्. The other line is मूढैः पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञा विधीयते
meaning, "fools call bits of stone as jewels."
<br><br>*67. '''बधिरात् मन्दकर्णः श्रेयान्''' = A person slow of hearing is better
than a deaf.
<br><br>*68. '''बहुजनहिताय बहुजनसुखाय''' = For the good of many, for happiness of
many.
<br><br>*69. '''बहुरत्ना वसुन्धरा''' = Earth is a treasure of jewels.
<br><br>*70. '''बालानां रोदनं बलम्''' = Crying is the strength (weapon) of children
(to get, what they want).
<br><br>*71. '''बुद्धिः कर्मानुसारिणी''' = Actions cultivate the intellect.
<br><br>*72. '''बुद्धिर्यस्य बलं तस्य''' = He is strong, who has intelligence. "Pen is
mightier than the sword" sounds synonymous.
<br><br>*73. '''भद्रं कर्णेभिः श्रुणुयाम देवाः''' = Gods! May we get to listen only
good things by our ears!! The Shaanti-mantra of many stotras, e.g.
श्रीगणपत्यथर्वशीर्षम् and others, especially those corollary to Atharva-Veda
पंक्ति १,८७९:
one having eyes shut, another having ears shut and the third having mouth
shut."
<br><br>*74. '''भवन्ति भवितव्यानां द्वाराणि सर्वत्र''' = Providence provides doors all
over.
<br><br>*75. '''भिन्नरुचिर्हि लोकः''' = People have different tastes. This fact of
difference in tastes भिन्नरुचि: has been very beautifully employed by the
great poet कालिदास in मालविकाग्निमित्रम् saying, "देवानामिदमामनन्ति मुनयः
पंक्ति १,८९२:
the three characteristics (sattva, rajas and taamas). Yet a (good) drama
would give enjoyment to all."
<br><br>*76. '''मधु तिष्ठति जिव्हाग्रे हृदये तु हलाहलम्''' = Has honey on the tip of
the tongue, but poison in the heart.
<br><br>*77. '''मनः पूतं समाचरेत्''' = Act by your own discretion.
<br><br>*78. '''मनोरथानामगतिर्न विद्यते''' = Dreams know no holds.
<br><br>*79. '''मरणं प्रकृतिः शरीरिणाम्''' = Death is natural to everyone born. A good
way to give solace to the ones bereaved by the death of near and dear ones.
See, also in श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता, "जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युः ... ॥२-२७॥ meaning,
"what is born, will die."
<br><br>*80. '''महाजनो येन गतः स पन्थाः''' = Two different meanings of this. (1) Great
are those who followed this path (2) That should be the path, by which the
great ones went. In meaning (1) "this path" means the path in search of the
ultimate truth. This quotation is Yudhishthir's answer to one of the 30-odd
questions asked by Yaksha the यक्षप्रश्नाः
<br><br>*81. '''मार्गारब्धाः सर्वयत्नाः फलन्ति''' = Once efforts are undertaken, they
will succeed. "Try and try forever and you will succeed."
<br><br>*82. '''मातृदेवो भव''' = Be one who would respect mother as God. I would
consider मातृदेवो i.e. मातृदेव: as a compound word माता एव देवः यस्मै सः
(चतुर्थी बहुव्रीहि समास)
<br><br>*83. '''पितृदेवो भव''' = As above, "Be one who would respect father as God"
<br><br>*84. '''आचार्यदेवो भव''' = As above, "Be one who would respect teacher the
preceptor as God"
<br><br>*85. '''अतिथिदेवो भव''' = As above, "Be one who would respect a guest (an
uninvited guest also) as God" अतिथि: is actually तिथिः न (अस्ति) यस्य सः -
(नञ् बहुव्रीहि समास) one who does not come by an appointment, so अतिथि: =
uninvited guest
<br><br>*86. '''मूढः परप्रत्यनेयबुद्धिः''' = Fools (people of low intellect) will only
follow. Only intelligent one can lead.
<br><br>*87. '''मृदुर्हि परिभूयते''' = Softness is encompassing. Most true of softness
of speech. Have harsh words ever helped anybody?
<br><br>*88. '''मौनं सर्वार्थसाधनम्''' = Silence is golden
<br><br>*89. '''यथा बीजं तथाङ्कुरः''' = As you sow, sow you reap.
<br><br>*90. '''यथा राजा तथा प्रजा''' = As the king, so the subjects. Almost identical
is राजा कालस्य कारणम्''' = Responsibility will finally vest with king (the
chief executive) In श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता also "यद्यदाचरति श्रेष्ठः तत्तदेवेतरो
जनः । स यत् प्रमाणं लोकस्तदनुवर्तते ॥३-२१॥
<br><br>*91. '''यद्वा तद्वा भविष्यति''' = Garbage in garbage out. Last phrase in a
सुभाषितम् "मर्कटस्य सुरापानं तस्य वृश्चिकदंशनं । तन्मध्ये भूतसंचारो ..
meaning Think of a monkey, gets drunk, is bitten by a scorpion and is
further afflicted by a ghost.. the result is anybody's guess!
<br><br>*92. '''यद्वा तद्वा वदति''' = Speaks whatever!
<br><br>*93. '''याचको याचकं दृष्ट्वा श्वानवद्गुर्गुरायते''' = Like dogs, a beggar
purrs at another beggar. There is another सुभाषितम् काक आव्हयते काकान् याचको
न तु याचकान् । काकयाचकयोर्मध्ये वरं काको न याचकः ॥ meaning, "A crow crows
to call other crows. But one beggar does not call another. Between crows and
beggars, the crow seem to be the better ones!
<br><br>*94. '''यादृशं वपते बीजं तादृशं लभते फलम्''' = As you sow, sow you reap.
<br><br>*95. '''यः क्रियावान् स पण्डितः''' = One who exemplifies by own conduct is
really the knowledgeable.
<br><br>*96. '''युद्धस्य कथा रम्या = "War-stories are entertaining." What if you
have to yourself go to the battle-front?
<br><br>*97. '''येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धः पुरुषो भवेत्''' = Do anything to become
known ? The previous line is घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं छिन्द्यात् कुर्याद्वा
रासभध्वनिम् break the pots, tear the clothes or bray like a donkey. ... Do
anything to become known
<br><br>*98. '''योजकस्तत्र दुर्लभः''' = Good managers are rare.
<br><br>*99. '''राजा कालस्य कारणम्''' = Responsibility will finally vest with king
(the chief executive)
<br><br>*100. '''वन्दे मातरम्''' = I bow to Mother
<br><br>*101. '''वक्ता दशसहस्रेषु''' = One in ten thousand may be a good speaker
<br><br>*102. '''वचने किं दरिद्रता''' = Why have poverty in speech?
<br><br>*103. '''विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते''' = The magi are respected everywhere. Last
phrase in a सुभाषितम् where it is also mentioned राजा पूज्यते देशे meaning,
a king is respected in his own country
<br><br>*104. '''विद्याधनं सर्वधनप्रधानम्''' = Wealth of knowledge is the most
precious wealth
<br><br>*105. '''विनाशकाले विपरीतबुद्धिः''' = In bad times, all discretion is lost.
<br><br>*106. '''शठं प्रति शाठ्यम्''' = Tit for tat
<br><br>*107. '''शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम्''' = Doing any good work demands, first and
foremost, physical fitness
<br><br>*108. '''शीलं परं भूषणम्''' = Character is the most precious ornament. This
was the motto of our high school in Jamkhandi. Last phrase in a सुभाषितम्
"ऐश्वर्यस्य विभूषणम् सुजनता शौर्यस्य वाक्संयमो ..."
<br><br>*109. '''शुभास्ते सन्तु पन्थानः''' = May you have a safe journey. KaNva munee
to Shakuntalaa in अभिज्ञानशाकुंतलम्
<br><br>*110. '''शुभं भवतु''' = May everything be fine
<br><br>*111. '''सत्यमेव जयते नानृतम्''' = Inscription on India's emblem. असतो मा
सद्गमय ... अनृतान्मा ऋतं गमय
<br><br>*112. '''सत्यं कण्ठस्य भूषणम्''' = Truth is the right ornament for the throat
(neck). Part of a सुभाषितम्
<br><br>*113. '''सुखमुपदिश्यते परस्य''' = Easier said than done. मराठी म्हण "लोकां
सांगे ब्रम्हज्ञान"
<br><br>*114. '''संहतिः कार्यसाधिका''' = Together we prosper. Panchatatra story of
Birds caught in a net fly carrying the net itself
<br><br>*115. '''स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः''' = Basic character is difficult to change.
"Habits die hard"! मराठी म्हण "सुंभ जळला तरी पीळ जळत नाही."
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